diff --git a/app/models/enterprise.rb b/app/models/enterprise.rb
index 3c080e7fca..dd5a63a5fc 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise.rb
@@ -45,25 +45,29 @@ class Enterprise < ApplicationRecord
   has_many :supplied_variants, through: :supplied_products, source: :variants
   has_many :distributed_orders, class_name: 'Spree::Order',
                                 foreign_key: 'distributor_id',
-                                dependent: :destroy
+                                dependent: :restrict_with_exception
   belongs_to :address, class_name: 'Spree::Address'
   belongs_to :business_address, optional: true, class_name: 'Spree::Address', dependent: :destroy
-  has_many :enterprise_fees, dependent: nil # paranoid association is deleted in a before_destroy
+  has_many :enterprise_fees, dependent: :restrict_with_exception
   has_many :enterprise_roles, dependent: :destroy
   has_many :users, through: :enterprise_roles
   belongs_to :owner, class_name: 'Spree::User',
                      inverse_of: :owned_enterprises
   has_many :distributor_payment_methods,
-           inverse_of: :distributor, foreign_key: :distributor_id, dependent: :destroy
+           inverse_of: :distributor,
+           foreign_key: :distributor_id,
+           dependent: :restrict_with_exception
   has_many :distributor_shipping_methods,
-           inverse_of: :distributor, foreign_key: :distributor_id, dependent: :destroy
+           inverse_of: :distributor,
+           foreign_key: :distributor_id,
+           dependent: :restrict_with_exception
   has_many :payment_methods, through: :distributor_payment_methods
   has_many :shipping_methods, through: :distributor_shipping_methods
   has_many :customers, dependent: :destroy
   has_many :inventory_items, dependent: :destroy
   has_many :tag_rules, dependent: :destroy
   has_one :stripe_account, dependent: :destroy
-  has_many :vouchers, dependent: nil # paranoid association is deleted in a before_destroy
+  has_many :vouchers, dependent: :restrict_with_exception
   has_many :connected_apps, dependent: :destroy
   has_one :custom_tab, dependent: :destroy
 
@@ -130,8 +134,6 @@ class Enterprise < ApplicationRecord
 
   after_create :set_default_contact
   after_create :relate_to_owners_enterprises
-  before_destroy :delete_all_enterprise_fees
-  before_destroy :delete_all_vouchers
 
   after_rollback :restore_permalink
   after_touch :touch_distributors
@@ -590,12 +592,4 @@ class Enterprise < ApplicationRecord
       where.not(enterprises: { id: }).
       update_all(updated_at: Time.zone.now)
   end
-
-  def delete_all_enterprise_fees
-    enterprise_fees.each(&:really_destroy!)
-  end
-
-  def delete_all_vouchers
-    vouchers.each(&:really_destroy!)
-  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/enterprise_spec.rb b/spec/models/enterprise_spec.rb
index d21514ff8e..8fd7c29f1f 100644
--- a/spec/models/enterprise_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/enterprise_spec.rb
@@ -57,53 +57,61 @@ describe Enterprise do
       expect(EnterpriseRelationship.where(id: [er1, er2])).to be_empty
     end
 
-    it "destroys all distributed_orders upon destroy" do
+    it "raises a DeleteRestrictionError on destroy if distributed_orders exist" do
       enterprise = create(:distributor_enterprise)
-      order_ids = create_list(:order, 2, distributor: enterprise).map(&:id)
+      create_list(:order, 2, distributor: enterprise)
 
-      expect(Spree::Order.where(id: order_ids)).to exist
-      enterprise.destroy
-      expect(Spree::Order.where(id: order_ids)).not_to exist
+      expect do
+        enterprise.destroy
+      end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError,
+                         /Cannot delete record because of dependent distributed_orders/)
+        .and change { Spree::Order.count }.by(0)
     end
 
-    it "destroys all distributor_payment_methods upon destroy" do
+    it "raises an DeleteRestrictionError on destroy if distributor_payment_methods exist" do
       enterprise = create(:distributor_enterprise)
-      payment_method_ids = create_list(:distributor_payment_method, 2,
-                                       distributor: enterprise).map(&:id)
+      create_list(:distributor_payment_method, 2, distributor: enterprise)
 
-      expect(DistributorPaymentMethod.where(id: payment_method_ids)).to exist
-      enterprise.destroy
-      expect(DistributorPaymentMethod.where(id: payment_method_ids)).not_to exist
+      expect do
+        enterprise.destroy
+      end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError,
+                         /Cannot delete record because of dependent distributor_payment_methods/)
+        .and change { DistributorPaymentMethod.count }.by(0)
     end
 
-    it "destroys all distributor_shipping_methods upon destroy" do
-      enterprise = create(:enterprise)
-      shipping_method_ids = create_list(:distributor_shipping_method, 2,
-                                        distributor: enterprise).map(&:id)
+    it "raises an DeleteRestrictionError on destroy if distributor_shipping_methods exist" do
+      enterprise = create(:distributor_enterprise)
+      create_list(:distributor_shipping_method, 2, distributor: enterprise)
 
-      expect(DistributorShippingMethod.where(id: shipping_method_ids)).to exist
-      enterprise.destroy
-      expect(DistributorShippingMethod.where(id: shipping_method_ids)).not_to exist
+      expect do
+        enterprise.destroy
+      end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError,
+                         /Cannot delete record because of dependent distributor_shipping_methods/)
+        .and change { DistributorShippingMethod.count }.by(0)
     end
 
-    it "destroys all enterprise_fees upon destroy" do
+    it "does not destroy enterprise_fees upon destroy" do
       enterprise = create(:enterprise)
-      fee_ids = create_list(:enterprise_fee, 2, enterprise:).map(&:id)
+      create_list(:enterprise_fee, 2, enterprise:)
 
-      expect(EnterpriseFee.where(id: fee_ids)).to exist
-      enterprise.destroy
-      expect(EnterpriseFee.where(id: fee_ids)).not_to exist
+      expect do
+        enterprise.destroy
+      end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError,
+                         /Cannot delete record because of dependent enterprise_fees/)
+        .and change { EnterpriseFee.count }.by(0)
     end
 
-    it "destroys all vouchers upon destroy" do
+    it "does not destroy vouchers upon destroy" do
       enterprise = create(:enterprise)
-      voucher_ids = (1..2).map do |code|
+      (1..2).map do |code|
         create(:voucher, enterprise:, code: "new code #{code}")
-      end.map(&:id)
+      end
 
-      expect(Voucher.where(id: voucher_ids)).to exist
-      enterprise.destroy
-      expect(Voucher.where(id: voucher_ids)).not_to exist
+      expect do
+        enterprise.destroy
+      end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError,
+                         /Cannot delete record because of dependent vouchers/)
+        .and change { Voucher.count }.by(0)
     end
 
     describe "relationships to other enterprises" do